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Thirlestane Castle
Thirlestane Castle is a castle set in extensive parklands near Lauder in the Borders of Scotland. The site is aptly named Castle Hill, as it stands upon raised ground. However, the raised land is within Lauderdale, the valley of the Leader Water. The land has been in the ownership of the Maitland family since 1587, and Thirlestane served as the seat of the Earls of Lauderdale. The castle was substantially extended in the 1670s by the first and only Duke of Lauderdale. Further additions were made in the 19th century. The castle is now cared for by a charitable trust, and is open to the public.
==History of the castle==
Before the 13th century, a large fort or castle was built on Castle Hill near the Leader Water. It was the site of the ancient church of Lauder, where in 1482, James III's favourites, including the architect Robert Cochrane, were dragged by envious nobles led by Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus and hanged from the (earlier) Lauder Bridge. The sites of the ancient kirk and the bridge from which Cochrane and his colleagues met their demise, are now within the immediate policies of Thirlestane Castle, the church some 60 yards from the west front, and the bridge some quarter-mile to the north-east. 〔(RCAHMS Canmore-accessed 29 July 2013 )〕
Upon its redundancy in the early 16th century, it passed to Robert Lauder of that Ilk, who gave it in dowry to his daughter Alison and her husband George Wedderhede.〔''The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland'', (1883), 258 (no. 1186) dated at Edinburgh 1 July 1532, The King confirmed upon George Wedderhede and Alison Lauder his spouse the lands of Castle Hill ''near the parish church'' (prope ecclesiam) of Lauder in the Lordship of Lauderdale, Berwickshire, to be held of them and their legitimate heirs male procreated of their bodies: See ''The Grange of the St Giles'' for site of Castle Hill.〕 This couple, and their son, were all murdered in feuds, Alison in 1547. Records are wanting but presumably the lands reverted to her parents, her mother being Alison Cranstoun. They both died in the second half of 1567 leaving only young grandchildren as heirs. The Cranstouns sold Castle Hill on 27 January 1587 to Sir John Maitland (d.1595).〔''The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland''〕 During the war with England called the 'Rough Wooings' the site had been occupied by a large English artillery fort and garrison.〔Marcus Merriman in Howard Colvin ed., ''The History of The King's Works'', vol. iv, (1982): Marcus Merriman, ''The Rough Wooings'', (2000), 314-5〕 The fort was begun on 5 April 1548 by Sir Robert Bowes and was estimated to cost £296 and take four weeks to complete.〔''Calendar State Papers Scotland'', vol. 1 (1898), 106, 108.〕 Hugh Willoughby was its captain.〔G. R. Batho, ed., ''HMC Talbot Papers'', (1971), pp. 27-8〕 By the 22 March 1587, Maitland was "busily occupied with his masons at the building of his house in the Fort of Lauder."〔HMC ''Salisbury Mss., Hatfield'', vol. 3, (1889), 237; letter from Richard to Archibald Douglas.〕
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